Rectal cancer RectalCarcinoma_ general knowledge

Rectal cancer RectalCarcinoma_ general knowledge
Rectal cancer (Rectal Carcinoma) It is digestive tract common malignant tumour, the morbidity is second only to gastric carcinoma. Age of onset is many among 30- 60 years old, the man exceeds women, if can find that treats in time in early days, the prognosis is relatively good. The cause of disease is indeterminate at present, relate to rectum polyp, chronic inflammation and inherent cause. Changing according to pathology can be divided into the soaking type, ulcer type and cauliflower type. It shift route for spread directly and lymphocytic transformation, blood competent to shift and abdominal cavity plant.
[Clinical feature ]
1,It is used to changing diarrhoea or constipation defecating, defecate and does not feel, the going on attenuation of stool, heavy after being urgent while having in later period.
2,It is one of the symptoms with common rectal cancer to have blood in one's stool. 50% of the cases in initial stage of onset have blood in one's stool, begin the bleeding amount little, see on the excrement and urine surface, relieve oneself for the dense blood after amalgamating and infecting.
3,When the chronic intestinal obstruction, the belly swells, the hyperfunction and popping angina of the gurgling sound.
4,The cachectic cancerous swelling advanced stage of whole body, the patient presents appetite failing, becoming thin, weak, anaemia, jaundice, ascites,etc..
5,The rectum means that examining can touch the piece of the bag, the glove glues the courageous and upright mucus.
6,The liver is great in the later period of abdominal distension, ascites, cause patient's abdominal distension.
7,Second the intersection of form and colon, proctoscope examine can observe shape, color and luster, position of cancerous swelling.
[Attend to the measure ]
1,Nursing before the skill
( 1) The psychology is attended to: Need, make permanent artificial rectum, will bring in life inconvenience to patient and spiritual burden, should care about patient, explain necessity of surgery, enable it, undergo an operation treatment with best psychological condition.
( 2) Strengthen nutrition, correct anaemia, strengthen organism resistance. Try hard to offer high protein, high heat, high vitamin, few dreg diets easy to digest, in order to increase to the tolerance of the operation.
( 3) The abundant intestine are prepared, in order to increase success rate and security of the operation.
( 4) Give intestinal antibiotic inhibit intestinal bacterium 3 before the skill, prevent, infect while being postoperative.
( 5) Give liquid 3 before the skill, the intersection of skill and 1 day fasting, and easy to wash intestine in order to reduce excrement and urine.
( 6) Irritate, wash according to the intersection of condition and competent complete intestine 1 before the skill, at the same time should observe, irritate, wash result.
2,Postoperative nursing
( 1) Life physical sign and condition of observing the patient are changed, observe the wound and ooze the blood situation.
( 2) Postoperative fasting, intestines and stomach reduce pressure and take food after the intestines wriggle and resume. The diet should follow in order and advance step by step.
( 3) Keep guiding unobstructedly, and follow the doctor's advice and wash the drainage tube regularly.
( 4) Put the persons who are in charge of of urine for a long time, should wash the road junction of the urine every day, prevent the urine way from infecting.
( 5) Keep making the skin around Lou's mouth cleanly and drily, can scribble and use oxidizing zinc ointment or Radix Arnebiae oil.
( 6) Finish the nursing of the artificial rectum.
[Health education ]
1,Guide the diet to the patient, the intestines can be eaten after wriggling and resuming. Rely mainly on apt to digest the food, avoid too rare or coarse fibre too much food. Eat more soyfood, egg, fish,etc., dehumidify stool, benefit and deal with clean.
2,Teach patients how to know the activity intensity appropriately, prevent the excessive activity from increasing the belly to press and cause the mucous membrane of artificial rectum to deviate from.
3,Let patients grasp the application method of the artificial rectum bag. Should clean the skin around with the fresh water first with the anus bag, the bag elasticity of anus is suitable, wash at any time, avoid infecting and reducing foul smell.
4,Instruct patients how to grasp the nursing of the artificial rectum, mean expanding regularly, it is difficult if it is narrow to find or defecate, go to the hospital to reexamine in time.
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