Vaccine: Not merely prevent infectious disease

Vaccine: Not merely prevent infectious disease
Director in Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Deng Ying
In parents in the eyes, vaccine like whom child take ordinary in food, garment that dress, it seems that vaccine is always a part of our life. Everybody can seldom expect, what kind the world life without vaccine is.
The era before vaccine: Variola and dust of spine kill countlessly
Have no era of vaccine, various diseases, especially infectious diseases threaten human health seriously.
Variola was once one of the infective strongest infectious diseases in the world. For thousands of years, variola makes countless persons die or disfeature, there is a death in every four the ill ones, other three people though survive will leave the ugly cicatrix all the life, even lose the sense of hearing or lose the sight of both eyes. It is 500,000 that Europe dies from the variolosus number of people every year in the 16~18th century, Asia is up to 800,000, 150 million people died of variola in the 18th century.
Poliomyelitis record to human danger until the fact that the 18th century bring people's attention before 5000 year. Can not find specific therapeutic method as to poliomyelitis people, once ill, death of the heavy one, the lighter is disabled, countless children have left the lifelong regret.
Vaccine era: Go through three changes
The rural doctor Edward's musical instrument of Britain received and invented vaccine of smallpox pupstule in 1796, invention this lauch an attack on infectious disease, offer the new equipment for a lot of scientist of afterwards. Since vaccine of smallpox pupstule came out, the research of vaccine has gone through three changes. It is the era of French scientist Pasteur for the first time. Inspired by vaccine of smallpox pupstule, Pasteur utilizes physics, chemistry and biological method through the scientific experiment of the system, make pathogenic microbe's virulence reduce, has produced fowl cholera and bacillus vaccine, anthracia vaccine, vaccine of rabies virus,etc., Pasteur because his remarkable achievement praised as father of vaccine even. The second change is with the development of technology of molecular biology, the sub-unit vaccine of genetic engineering which scientists prepared at the molecule level. Hepatitis B vaccine that we know very well, clone the antigenic gene of surface of hepatitis B to the yeast, produce a large number of antigenic materials through gene expression, make vaccine prepared and easy and simpled. The reseach of sour vaccine of modern core is called the third change. The actually antigenic gene of this kind of vaccine, behind pouring into human skin cells, expressed and produced the antigenic material in skin cells, induce the organism to produce immunity. Sour vaccine of core has double function that immunity prevents and treats, its application not only can improve traditional vaccine, but and, sour vaccine of core such as AIDS, influenza, hepatitis B, simple bleb, malaria and cancer embryo antigen have already entered the clinical trial now.
Future: There are more expectation on vaccine
By the end of the 20th century, 30 vaccine with effective and safe multi-type has appeared already. The vaccine to infectious disease some eliminating, it is be getting more low-level very to drop to having illness coming on some. In addition, appear constantly too to vaccine of the non- infectious disease, such as cervical cancer vaccine,etc.; Therapeutic vaccine is rising too at the same time.
The development of science and technology has provided the unprecedented possibility for research and development of vaccine, people control disease to be full of expecting to vaccine. However, future vaccine era is full of uncertainty: First, disease sending infectious disease and presenting, making no public appearances constantly newly stages a comeback, but corresponding vaccine can not accomplish in one move to research and develop. While infectious disease endangered reducing, social economic development to the mankind, the public drops to acceptance degree of the risk, people no longer pay close attention to success of vaccine, the ones that have forgotten disease are terrible, the bad reaction of vaccine is exaggerated, parents increase to the security of vaccine and worry of necessity day by day.
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